State continuity in releasing Nazis: Historical leniency toward Golden Dawn leaders
Journalist Christos Avramidis points to Michaloliakos’ history of receiving mild legal repercussions for severe crimes. In 1978, Michaloliakos was tried for orchestrating bombings in cinemas that left dozens of ordinary citizens severely injured. Yet, he served only a few months in prison for “simple possession of explosives”. Earlier, in 1977, he faced arrest for his involvement in attacking journalists at the funeral of the notorious torturer Mallios, but he was never tried; the judiciary’s delay led to the charges being statute-barred by the time they decided to act.
Michaloliakos is not an isolated case within Golden Dawn’s leadership receiving such leniency. Before him, Giorgos Patelis, the Chief of the Nicaea sector for Golden Dawn and a key figure in the murder of Pavlos Fyssas, also benefited from the state’s seemingly gentle approach. Patelis, who had texted members of the organisation with clear instructions leading to Fyssas’ murder, was briefly imprisoned following his conviction. His release shortly after, purportedly with the state’s approval, was met with public outcry and intense reactions that led to his return to prison.
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